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February 5, 2009

Financing a Small Business – What Alternatives are There to Finance Your Business?

finance
David S. Stratton asked:


A lot of reasons exist why you should not only get into business, but also endure in business. You may want to take any of these decisions because of the love of a particular business, because of a need to do so, because you are bound to continue from where someone stopped or because you simply have a feeling to do so. In almost every country of the world, people are looking at the business sector as one of the bests. There are always statistics of these found in all countries. For example, the United States Department of Labor produces statistics which indicate that for almost the first three quarters of last year, unemployment was very high and a lot of people resorted to doing business.

There is no need to trouble yourself on the way your business is going to look like. All that is necessary for you to do is to develop a plan and seek for any of the so many options of securing finance for the business. The following lines are meant to encourage those coming into business and even those already in business to seek for means of financing their businesses:

Loans

This type of finance for a business is common all over the world and it can easily be gotten. In some cases, there is often a belief the loans can easily be gotten by everyone who applies for it. This may be true or false. It all depends on your business plan, the lending policy of the bank and the type and value of security you have. What makes this source of finance much considered is that interest rates on the loans are also reasonable. It should be warned that you should not get into taken of loans without seeking for proper recommendations from experts. Remember that it is always good to know the ins and outs of every type of loan ahead of getting into it.

Angel Financing

This is also another common source of finance that is common among new businesses and even those that are already in existence. What obtains here is that there are so many people who have the willingness and ability to pump finance into any business which have potentials to grow. Angel financing can be a family type. This will involve members of the same family pulling their resources together and investing it to develop a business plan. This is good but not preferable because of the close ties that the members may attach to each other, which may not be best for the health of a business. Angel financing can also be an affiliation angel. This will involve an association of friends willing to see a business plan from conception to completion. Another strand of angel financing is idea angel. These are financiers who are involved at the conception and actual progress of the business. Whatever the form of angel financing that you may opt for, you must get into the set of connections that these angels operate before you can benefit from financing.

Equity Financing

This involves raising money for the business by using what the business owns and can give out to the public. There are individuals willing to pay for equity in the business and even take part in the running of the business. Although this type of financing is common, it may not be available to every type of business. This is the more reason why every business owner must always carry out enough research in order to get the appropriate financing for his or her business.

January 15, 2009

Financing a Small Business – What Alternatives are There to Finance Your Business?

finance
David S. Stratton asked:


A lot of reasons exist why you should not only get into business, but also endure in business. You may want to take any of these decisions because of the love of a particular business, because of a need to do so, because you are bound to continue from where someone stopped or because you simply have a feeling to do so. In almost every country of the world, people are looking at the business sector as one of the bests. There are always statistics of these found in all countries. For example, the United States Department of Labor produces statistics which indicate that for almost the first three quarters of last year, unemployment was very high and a lot of people resorted to doing business.

There is no need to trouble yourself on the way your business is going to look like. All that is necessary for you to do is to develop a plan and seek for any of the so many options of securing finance for the business. The following lines are meant to encourage those coming into business and even those already in business to seek for means of financing their businesses:

Loans

This type of finance for a business is common all over the world and it can easily be gotten. In some cases, there is often a belief the loans can easily be gotten by everyone who applies for it. This may be true or false. It all depends on your business plan, the lending policy of the bank and the type and value of security you have. What makes this source of finance much considered is that interest rates on the loans are also reasonable. It should be warned that you should not get into taken of loans without seeking for proper recommendations from experts. Remember that it is always good to know the ins and outs of every type of loan ahead of getting into it.

Angel Financing

This is also another common source of finance that is common among new businesses and even those that are already in existence. What obtains here is that there are so many people who have the willingness and ability to pump finance into any business which have potentials to grow. Angel financing can be a family type. This will involve members of the same family pulling their resources together and investing it to develop a business plan. This is good but not preferable because of the close ties that the members may attach to each other, which may not be best for the health of a business. Angel financing can also be an affiliation angel. This will involve an association of friends willing to see a business plan from conception to completion. Another strand of angel financing is idea angel. These are financiers who are involved at the conception and actual progress of the business. Whatever the form of angel financing that you may opt for, you must get into the set of connections that these angels operate before you can benefit from financing.

Equity Financing

This involves raising money for the business by using what the business owns and can give out to the public. There are individuals willing to pay for equity in the business and even take part in the running of the business. Although this type of financing is common, it may not be available to every type of business. This is the more reason why every business owner must always carry out enough research in order to get the appropriate financing for his or her business.

August 15, 2008

U.s. Gov’t, Architects of Hedge Funds Cause Collapse of America’s Real Estate Economy

Economy
Robert Hand asked:


U.S. Gov’t, Architects of Hedge Funds Cause Collapse of America’s Real Estate Economy

By: Robert W. Hand

Designated Broker/Owner

Equity Alliance Properties

www.equityallianceproperties.com

Subprime Crisis? Heavens no, this is a complete collapse of the national real estate business sector of the U.S. economy, with the mortgage companies and the federal government right at the heart of the matter. The effects of the national real estate business enterprise breakdown with the subprime debacle well underway can be felt throughout every economic sector, including Wall Street.

Of course, there are still those on Wall Street profiteering on the broken back of the real estate business economy. These investors originated, and still draw huge amounts of interest on “interest only” loans, and are the beneficiaries of the federal government’s deliberately slow actions to remedy this fundamentally simple matter.

For most Americans, the most significant form of wealth we have is in the equity in our homes. Americans are losing their real estate endowments, and the effect of a broken real estate business sector has brought the general economy to its knees. The masses are feeling it while the rich get richer. That’s right, the guys still making money off of these high interest loan products make the headlines saying, “Just let time fix it”. You didn’t think they were out of the game did you? Who do you think these “interest only” loan payments continue to be paid to? The longer this thing takes to get fixed, the longer they will continue to draw huge dividends on their “interest only” loan products that by design were never intended to be paid back as no money ever goes toward principal. Strong lobby money representing those interests is slowing down the process in Washington where debts take time to repay, with a nod and a wink.

I released an article last month (http://paradisevalleyblog.com/2007/11/crisis-or-opportunity-truth-about.html)portraying the number of incidences of loans in default as a small fraction of the number of loans overall, a number which is steadily climbing. Nevertheless, keeping those numbers in perspective, that still leaves, by some estimates, 1.1 million Americans losing their residential properties over the next 6 years.

Yes, this is a simple matter and it can be fixed with cash money, go figure. Let’s put the numbers of dollars to fix this problem into perspective in a fashion to which we’ve all grown accustomed; comparing it to the money we spend on the occupation of Iraq. To continue our

military occupation in Iraq the U.S. Taxpayers pay: $270 million every day; $8.4 billion per month; a total of $600 billion spent and approved War-spending; another $200 billion requested for 2008 which would bring the cumulative total to $800 billion. There have been $10 billion mismanaged and wasted in Iraq per Feb 2007 hearings. There have been $1.4 billion Halliburton overcharges classified by the Pentagon as “unreasonable and unsupported”. 20 billion was paid to former Halliburton division, KBR for food, fuel, housing, and other items. Pentagon auditors deem that $3.2 billion of that is “questionable and unsupportable”. Some figures predict the cost of the Iraq war topping out at

over $2 trillion.

Just a small fraction of the capital Halliburton defrauded U.S. taxpayers out of alone would fix our mortgage crisis, would mend the broken real estate business sector of our economy, and would have a positive effect on the overall economy that would far exceed any amount of money we put back into fixing the system. So how much money are we talking about? Congressional Democrats led by Charles Schumer (D-NY) advocate spending just hundreds of millions (less than 1 billion) of dollars into nonprofits to help homeowners and the overall economy. A spokesman for the senator explains he

is not suggesting the government pay off borrower’s loans in full, but believes a mixture of counseling and restructuring of the loans would bring down the costs of the program dramatically. Even if we paid all the loans in full it would be a pittance in contrast to the overall federal budget, let alone the Iraq war budget (if you can call Washington’s fiscal policies budgeting). Further, we can spread the cash outlay to fix the problem over a period of 6

years, according to the rate schedules of the remaining loans in question.

Such a partial bailout is estimated to cost no more than a few hundred million dollars. Compare that to the $8.4 billion we spend every month bringing “Democracy” to Iraq with combat airplanes, helicopters, missiles, tanks, and troops. Even if we bail out everyone with a bad loan, what are we talking about in U.S. dollars…a month or two of what we spend rebuilding the Iraq we so surgically blew up? The top runners of the presidential race spill that much in a single weekend at their white tablecloth fundraisers! Appropriation of a relatively small amount of funds would pull our economy out of the tailspin we currently find ourselves in! But who’s suffering…lower middle

class, not the rich. The Bush Whitehouse neoconservatives were just this week exposed in lies and manipulation of intelligence data regarding Iran as a nuclear threat. This exposure shamelessly still has not thwarted Bush’s rhetoric to invade Iran and threats of World War III as he continues to terrorize citizens abroad and here in America. We had better just save our hard earned tax dollars to fight another war on terror in Iran and forget allocating any funds

to fix the U.S. economy which is, after all, only hurting the peasants. The war profiteers belong to the class of the super rich. George Bush should be impeached while he and his closest advisors, including Dick Cheney, should all be formally brought up on charges of international war crimes.

We have seen any number of articles written voicing the opinion, “Why should we pay our tax dollars to bail out some idiot that was just too stupid to know what he was signing,” or invoking such profound truths as, “It’s just a bunch of greedy investors anyway, they knew what they were

doing.” Perhaps those are fair characterizations in some instances, but who pays? We all do. Worse yet, this type of reaction is exactly what the profiteers of this debacle want to continue to hear, so the process remains

stalled by the indecision and lack of common platform by constituents. Profiteers continue to earn big returns on the money already loaned that is not yet in default. This has all been calculated to a “T” and has been executed as planned. Everyone at the top, the architects of the hedge funds, knew this was not designed to last! These were all interest only loans,

which by design, were never intended to be paid back, as nothing is paid to principal.

Most folks who have fallen prey were not stupid at all, but were just trying to secure their family’s future in real estate holdings. Mortgage brokers promised consumers that they could re-finance out of their nasty little adjustable rate 2nds or HELOCs in 6 months to 2 years depending on the loan program, pre-payment penalties, etc. No layperson could predict the market falling so far so fast. Refinancing out of these undesirable loan conditions quickly became a lost option as so many homes declined in value to far less than originally loaned on them. This has caught far too many people off guard, including seasoned investors and real estate

brokers, to write this off as some folks being careless or stupid. It is a more sophisticated problem than that. There are folks that not only predicted this, but calculated exactly what has transpired and are the beneficiaries thus: the major interests in and architects of the hedge funds that back these securities and continue to prosper from grotesque interest rates on “interest only” loans. Understand that they don’t want legislation passed that keeps them

from being able to charge insane amounts of interest as these “interest only” loans mature and reset.

You, the average homeowner pay the price, as do innocent individuals and families just trying to honestly buy their own ‘piece of the rock’. We are ALL losing equity in our homes, (whether you have a mortgage or not), at an alarming rate as property values across the nation continue to decline due to the huge surplus of homes for sale. Some markets are declining much faster than others and we’re talking about significant amounts of depreciation from every homeowner in some metropolitan areas in Arizona, Nevada, California, and Florida, to name a few. As more and more loans go into default, more and more properties go on the market in the form of short sales and foreclosures at well under market value. Increasing numbers of properties hit the market, putting ever more pressure on existing inventories, and dragging prices down further. We are getting to where we have so many short sales and foreclosures on the market that “under market” is the new norm. Our conventional methods for determining current market value and sales price now take into the effective average the

rising numbers of homes with prices slashed. Buyers, seeing the declining market values don’t want to catch a falling knife. Folks who want to buy are waiting until they see evidence of the “bottom” of the market. They won’t perceive any indication of the “bottom” as meaningful unless they see property values hold steady then raise again. This will not happen as long as more defaults, resulting in short sales and foreclosures, continue to flood the

market day after day, week after week, and month after month. Consumers keep asking, as do REALTORs®, “when are we going to see the bottom of this market?” The answer is so simple even a cave man can do it; WHEN WE STOP THE CYCLE!!!

Why then, if it is such a simple fix, are we not already on our way to enjoying the recovery as a result of taking these simple steps. The answer: Greed, and the power of lobbying money on capital hill have the process locked up and bogged down in red tape. Interest is earned over time, and with interest rates already in place for those making money from these “interest only” loans, they want more time to keep lining their pockets. This expresses one of the most frequently used relations in Algebra: Principal x Rate x Time = Interest Earned. Time is on their side; the super rich who invested in the hedge funds that back the mortgage securities we know as subprime loans. They are getting the time they want because this Republican Whitehouse favors big business, big money, and big campaign lobbyist

contributors, well represented in this group. Government is dragging their feet in spending the money to fix the problem at the pleasure of these predators.

So, folks, protect your equity, protect your interest in your own real estate holdings, protect your children’s chances of profitable

real estate holdings in America, and contact the congresspersons and senators whom preside over your districts. Give a positive voice to the budget to fix this problem. It will pay back huge dividends to our economy as a whole as we recover and stop the downward fall of the equity in our own homes.

This type of government subsidized economic recovery would not be without precedent. Consider the Savings and Loan crisis of the 1980’s, where the government bailed out S&L’s to the tune of 150 billion 1980’s dollars. We can fix our subprime crisis today for a fraction of that amount.

Currently on the hill, there is proposed legislation to impose new limits on the adjustable rate mortgages scheduled to reset.

Congress has been, and is trying to pass legislation to put a freeze on interest rates. These are band-aids for a bullet wound. Let your voice be heard. Put some pressure on politicians to get this subprime debacle resolved with swift and certain action! It is a simple matter, and the beneficiaries of this thing dragging out are the very entities who caused it in the first place. Together let’s end it, now!

Do you want to play hardball? All right, then let’s consider that the federal government does not want the average American to gain dramatically in personal wealth. Why would that be? Glad you asked. Since the years of Reaganomics and theories of a “trickle down” economy, (always reminds me of being pissed on), and deregulation, our country has moved ever more from the worlds’ shining example of Democracy to a text book example of a Republic aristocracy with the Center of Power no longer held by the masses, the common man. The Power Center is now with the elite, the upper class, the super rich, the multi-billion dollar corporate entities, the Texas based oil brokerage firms that ultimately determine tax code, foreign policy, federal budget allocations, and the decision to go to war, with whom and when, and whom have the power and influence to throw elections.

It does not serve the rich constituents of this elitist government entity strangling America to allow its citizens to amass wealth. No, my friends, that would pull too much of the Power back towards the center. Think Washington doesn’t give any thought to that dynamic? Of course they do. Washington is so paranoid of the power of its citizens that they are breaking constitutional laws or re-writing the constitution as they see fit to ensure “CONTROL”, threatening our basic civil liberties in the process. That’s right, even firefighters, (who can regularly in the course of their duties gain access into people’s homes without a search warrant), are now being trained to look for any signs that a citizen might not agree somehow with government policies and might thus be considered a threat to the government or even a terrorist. What a lot of bullocks. I’m a veteran of the U.S. Navy, whose job was gathering and disseminating intelligence, and have stood for protecting and honoring our nation. Now, it’s obvious I don’t agree with government policies. They would now view me as a threat! Sounds more like a Republic regime than a

Democracy. Sounds a lot like World War II Germany doesn’t it? Well, that’s America today, as we know it. Are you more comfortable with your head in the sand? That’s ok, go back to sleep, this article is about over. Germany went from a Nation of knowing to a nation of believing. Are we following in their footsteps as foolhardy, good-willed, ignorant patriots? Too often, we blindly

believe the lies told by the President and his government instead of challenging others and ourselves with the truth. I remember as a child learning of the atrocities in Germany under Hitler and asking, “How could all those people let this happen?” and “how could all those people have been fooled by their government?” In the words of Bob Dylan; “Patriotism is the last refuge to which a scoundrel clings; steal a little and they throw you in jail; steal a lot and they make you king.” This country has been preying on the good will of its unsuspecting citizens and it will be our undoing if we don’t wake up.

Many Americans were making big money during the real estate boom, in large part due to the ease with which funds were available to acquire primary and investment real estate. So many of us bought in to it, and for most, it has only benefited the lending institutions. Once the real estate investment game became profitable for the common citizen, it would self-destruct right before our eyes. The timing was calculated, planned, and the program executed by millions of exuberant homeowners and first-time real estate investors, not suspecting the falling axe. But those in the know, the architects of the hedge funds, knew exactly what would transpire. They didn’t bet their billions on a hunch! Oh no, they calculated every phase of the process and watched it deliver dividends.

Let me offer this challenge to other Real Estate Brokerage firms, Mortgage Brokerage Firms, Banks, and Title Companies: Equity Alliance Properties will pledge $1,000,000 of every $4,000,000 it brings in net revenue towards any program signed into law organizing such private funding. Let’s take back control of the real estate business sector for

the greater good of the American homeowner!



Gambling and the National Economy

Economy
Jeff Collins asked:


Gambling is such a tremendous part of the national economy, because casinos are everywhere!  Dominating Las Vegas, Atlantic City, and other places in the United States, along with the Internet nowadays, let us take a look at the impact that gambling has on the national economy, both positive, and negative.
There is much debate over whether gambling does the economy any good.  When you take a look at what the state lotteries are doing to better education, it seems that gambling does help the economy.  However, when you stop to think about how many problem gamblers create more intense problems for themselves, and potentially the economy when they lose their jobs, divorce their spouses, etc. it may not seem that gambling is such a good thing for the economy after all.
Casinos are a large part of the business sector, and even more a large part of certain local business sectors.  This means they do the economy good when it comes to employment rates, because where there are casinos, there are jobs, and plenty of them.  Casinos need dealers, security staff, janitorial staff, and entertainers.
Casinos do the economy good because where there are casinos, there are people spending their money.  When people win money, they funnel it back into the economy with splurge purchases, or paying off debts.
Casinos are bad for the economy when people become addicted to the gambling habit, wasting their money, and creating issues for themselves that are worse for the economy when the economy has to pick up the pieces by providing rehabilitation assistance, food assistance, and housing assistance when a problem gambler loses the ability to care for themselves and their families.
As you can see, there is much reason behind the debate as to whether gambling and casinos do any good or create harm for the national economy.  It is a topic that will of course always be subject to much debate, and people will always have their own views, shaped by their own experiences regarding the topic.  When you weigh the good of the jobs it provides, against the bad of people destroying their lives, you pretty much have to revert to that each person is responsible for his or her own actions, and therefore the national economy cannot help that.  So, all in all, the positive and negative aspects of casinos and gambling pretty much balance each other out, making casinos and gambling a neutral part of our national economy.

August 6, 2008

Investment Corner Part 2

Investing
Joe Ficalora asked:


Different Types of Investments:

As we said last time, owning a stock is like owning part of a company. As the company rises or falls in value, so does the price of it’s stock. A key distinction is that the value of the stock is not only driven by the fundamental value of the company, but by other factors as well. These factors may include overall stock market trends, domestic versus foreign trade issues, business sector climate, etc. Owning a bond, is like owning part of a loan to a company or institution, like the State of Texas. Bonds typically pay a fixed amount of dividend as the loan is repaid. The bond’s value is determined by the interest rate on the underlying loan, and the current interest rates and trends in the marketplace. For example, who would not want own a 10% bond right now, when the money markets or bank passbook savings accounts are paying 3%? Should the institution or company fail or default on the loan, you could lose all or most of your bond’s value. Large companies or institutions usually issue bonds; so the risk is greatly reduced over owning a company’s stock share.

A stock mutual fund, is a group of stocks owned by a fund company to achieve certain investment objectives. Likewise a bond mutual fund is a group of bonds held to achieve a certain investment objective. Mutual funds, in both stock and bond types exist in many styles and forms. Fundamentally they are a savvy collection of stocks or bonds assembled and professionally managed for a specific or combination of investment aims. These typically diversify your investments so that no one particular company can sink your entire investment. The converse is that no one single stock can shoot your mutual fund up to a huge return.

Typically each mutual fund focuses upon growth, income, value, large, small or mid-capitalization companies, or a combination of these objectives. There are thousands of different funds and dozens of fund families to choose from. There are also companies that rate mutual funds, like Morningstar (www.morningstar.com ). Some mutual funds use a management team to select and prune stocks in the portfolio, some use certain methods, and some follow the leadership of a single fund manager. You should check these out before investing in a particular fund.

An oft-overlooked mutual fund consideration is the management fee or what are referred to as 12b-1 fees. Most fees are in the range of 1 to 2%. Be wary of any fund outside that range. The United States Securities and Exchange Commission can help unravel some of these issues for you. A good starting point is their investor section on mutual fund performance, specifically www.sec.gov/investor/pubs/mperform.htm . They also have a fund cost calculator to help take into account the fund management fees. Some funds are no-load mutual funds because they do not pay a sales person any commissions for selling fund shares. These are typically lower in cost, and if you own them for a long time, they can make a difference in the net return on your mutual fund investment. Conversely, there are loaded funds, which charge a commission when you invest in their fund. These vary widely in amounts, so ask for exact details before investing. Some require you to pay the sales commissions; others add that to the fund expenses. Either way it’s a cost to you. The Vanguard Funds (www.vanguard.com ) are often mentioned as a leader in creating no-load, low cost mutual funds. You will find compelling arguments at their website for owning no-load funds. You should check carefully on overall fund performance including fees when evaluating fund choices.

Measuring Risk:

Most mutual fund and stock tables and resources will list something called the beta or volatility of the items listed. Beta is a measure of the risk of the security listed associated with variation of the security when compared to the overall stock market. If beta is 1, then the stock or mutual fund varies about the same as the general market index. If less than 1, then the security is less volatile than the general index of comparison, with higher than 1 meaning more risk.

Measuring Risk-adjusted Returns:

There is also parameter called alpha, which is the market-adjusted return of the security. If alpha is positive, then the security earned a higher return than the relative market index of comparison. If alpha is negative, then the security earned less than the market did.

Minimizing Overall Risk:

Risks in the future may be reduced in the present only through preparation, planning and actions!

We discussed preparation and planning for the future in the last Investment Corner, which is a key risk-reduction strategy.

Risk reduction for investing is typically achieved through:

• Diversification,

• Portfolio Allocation,

• Pre-determined buying and selling prices, and

• Adherence to personal investing rules.

Now let’s look at the first part of risk reduction strategy for investing.

Diversification:

Diversification is spreading out your investments across several areas to reduce risk and capture growth in multiple places. Diversification is typically done at several levels. At the uppermost level, we typically diversify investments across different investment vehicles, such as cash, stocks, bonds and real estate. By doing this, we reduce several important risks. Inflation can reduce the value of cash on hand over time, which is why smart folks do not keep their life savings in cash hidden in a mattress! On the other hand, inflation can drive down the value of fixed dividend investments like bonds as well. Real estate may rise or decline with inflation, depending upon the health of both the local and the greater economies. Fixed hard assets like precious metals funds (gold) will usually rise on inflation or fears of inflation. Other risks include stock market declines, individual company bankruptcies, and so on…. By not “placing all the eggs in one basket” we lower our exposure to risks through diversification. During broad stock market declines, many folks move assets from stocks to cash or bonds. And of course the opposite during bull market runs.

Another diversification notion is that of slicing up your investment by specific growth sectors. Within a specific type of investment vehicle, say Mutual Funds, we diversify across the available growth and income sectors. Typically this is large, medium and small companies, as well as high dividend or high growth type stocks. You also could look into diversifying into domestic or international companies such as Asia-Pacific.

At the lower levels of investment diversification are multiple choices within a specific growth target. Most advisors strongly recommend diversification within a stock or bond market holding. If you feel for example that the Internet’s growth will continue or expand soon, buying stock in several companies who offer Internet products would help lower risk of any one company not doing too well. Diversification across several stocks is usually done in simple form through equal partitioning. If for example you had $10,000 to invest, how would you do it? You could place 20% of your total investment amount in each of 5 different Internet stocks as in Table I:

Table I –Stock Investment Diversification

Stock Name Current Price 90 Day High 90 Day Low Amount Invested ~ Shares

Company A $25 $28 $20 $2000 80

Company B $40 $40 $20 $2000 50

Company C $60 $60 $20 $2000 33

Company D $300 $300 $198 $2000 7

Company E $8 $9 $3 $2000 250

By looking at the trading ranges across the 90-day history, you can estimate the risks or volatility of each stock. Do the stocks have the same risks? Do they all have the same growth potential?

One approach would be to allocate risks equally, as opposed to allocating investment equally. You would be to use the information in the range of stock trading prices to assess risk and re-allocate your investments as this diversification calculator shows below in table II:

Table II – Risk Diversification Calculator

Risk Diversification Calculator

Investment Amount $10,000

Stocks 5

Stock_1 Stock_2 Stock_3 Stock_4 Stock_5

90-day Max $28 $40 $60 $300 $9

90-day Min $20 $20 $20 $198 $3

Cur. Price $25 $40 $60 $300 $8

Trade Rnge 32% 50% 67% 41% 100%

Eq. Amt $2,000 $2,000 $2,000 $2,000 $2,000

$$ at Risk $640 $1,000 $1,333 $819 $2,000

Risk Ratio 1 1.5625 2.083 1.28 3.125

Risk-Red. $2,000 $1,280 $960 $1,562 $640

Adj. Inv.$3,104 $1,987 $1,490 $2,425 $993

If you do not want to do the research and monitoring required for several individual stocks or bonds, choosing a mutual fund may be the wisest choice, with a smaller but usually acceptable return on your investment. The key question you need to answer is not “Should I diversify?”, but rather “How will I diversify my investments?”

About YOU

The primary things you should know about yourself before selecting among the different types of investments are:

I. How much of my time is available to monitor/manage my investments?

II. How often do I want to change my investment choices?

III. Do I want help and advice from investment professionals?

These are important questions you need to answer for yourself. All investment requires some time commitments to monitor and manage. When stock markets or life situations begin to change, you may need to change your investment choices. If your experience level does not warrant it, getting professional help may increase both your results and comfort level.

I. Time to manage your investments: Your time is worth money! At least if you can put it to good use in managing your investments… but do not become obsessive with it. Investments take time to grow. Every investment portfolio must be watched and pruned from time to time. You wouldn’t want to look back after 5 years and find that right after your investment choices were made, that the business climate changed and those choices had become poor performers.

Two typical uses of your time applied to investment managing:

• Weekly, monthly or quarterly checking for:

o Stock movements

o Business climate changes,

o Company news

• Annual or quarterly allocation changes

o Re-planning or shifting your plans

o Pruning and re-diversification

o Reallocation of investment amounts

Weekly or Monthly Check-ups

If you buy individual stocks and bonds, these will need monitoring more often than if you had purchased mutual funds. However, stock and bond funds need attention too, just less often.

Some questions you should answer for yourself are:

• Can I afford time each week to check investments (Friday night or Saturday morning)? This is important for individual stocks and bonds.

•Am I disciplined enough to check my investments periodically? This is critically important, as the business environments are constantly changing.

• Can I put this on a monthly calendar and stick with it? Monthly checkups are important no matter what your investments may be…

• If I get an automatic e-mail sent will I read it? Many investment houses will do this for all accounts above a certain size limit. You can pool your investments under one roof, usually with savings in cost plus perks for research, quotes, e-mails, etc. Both Fidelity and Schwab are good examples of these services once you reach certain size limits.

Quarterly or Annual Check-ups

If you are only into mutual funds as investment vehicles, then you need check them only quarterly or annually. After all you are giving up some small amount of income to pay for professionally managed investments, right? You may want to keep up with monthly or weekly news on the investment fund management team, however, as management team shakeups there could cost you. The key thing is disciplined reviews and setting a schedule that you can stick to. Ignorance in this case can be dangerous, so do it together with your spouse or a family member that you trust. As you get good at it, the time required to do these should drop from several hours to perhaps an hour to review all your investments. If you have been keeping tabs on things, it can be shorter still.

“Even if you’re on the right track you will get run over if you just sit there!” – Will Rogers.

II. Changing your investment choices:

The challenge when deciding to change investments is often the emotional content. “We had a return of say 7%, when the broader markets got only 5%”. How did the overall group for your investment vehicle do? Morningstar provides good index comparisons, as do other groups. If your choices did not perform above the class average for 1 or 2 quarters in a row, it’s probably a good idea to consider other alternatives. That may require all the same diligence of researching an investment as you did originally. If you are seriously concerned and need to act quickly, you can always sell and put the proceeds into cash or a money market for a short time while you do the research.

III. Getting help from professionals:

I have often found the larger funds and investment houses to be a plethora of information via the Internet. They have how-to guides, acronym explanations, and in general some great advice. If however, these seem to complex for you, or you would prefer to seek out a single person with whom to deal, then find a Certified Financial Planner. The best ones should be able to provide references, a track record, and a good deal of services all at your doorstep. These services do not come free and can be in the thousands of dollars to set up your initial plans. Be certain to check 3 to 5 references and interview several planners before deciding. Determine what you pay exactly and what you get exactly after your selection is made. Be certain that they are certified, a place to begin is: http://www.cfp.net/ .

Summary

We’ve covered a lot of ground in this topic of stock and bonds versus mutual funds. Primarily remember that individual stocks require more monitoring, but can yield higher returns. The same applies somewhat to individual bonds. Newer investors to these may want to start with mutual funds, Money magazine has an annual issue every February that is very helpful and is usually available at public libraries. Finally remember to lower your risks by diversification, no matter what investments you make. Ask yourself the questions we reviewed about your time commitments and discipline for monitoring as part of the investing process. And of course, read-up on the Internet and some of the books listed below.

Next time – Portfolio Allocation, Pre-determined trigger points, and Personal investing rules …

Self-Study:

Some great resources to continue your journey are located on the web.

Try visiting these sites:

•http://www.greatcompaniesgreatcharts.com/archives/001864.html

•http://www.rightline.net/home/gate_rm.html

•http://www.investorguide.com/stockfaq.html

•http://www.pascoresearch.com/int_alpha.asp

•http://www.stockbook.com/Evaluator/

Or read these well known authors and books:

• William J. O’Neil: How to Make Money in Stocks

• John Boik: Lessons from the Greatest Stock Traders of All Time

• John C. Bogle: Common Sense on Mutual Funds : New Imperatives for the Intelligent Investor

Additional info from this author may be found at http://www.sbtionline.com

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